William Caldwell Coleman (October 17, 1884 – January 12, 1968) was a United States federal judge.
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Coleman received an A.B. from Harvard University in 1905 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1909. He was in private practice in Baltimore, Maryland from 1909 to 1927. He was an Instructor, University of Maryland Law School from 1914 to 1917. He was a Secretary, Maryland Educational Survey Committee in 1916. He was in the United States Army, Private in 1918.
Coleman was a federal judge on the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Coleman received a recess appointment from President Calvin Coolidge on April 6, 1927, to a new seat created by 44 Stat. 1346; nominated on December 6, 1927. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 19, 1927, and received his commission the same day. He served as chief judge from 1948-1955. Coleman served in that capacity until June 1, 1955, due to resignation.
He died in Baltimore, Maryland.